Revelation Thirteen

Describing the horrid abomination Which Will Soon Take Control of the Entire world

 

    We are now living in the very last days of this system.  The intelligent will look to their GOD for answers to the problems that plague man and the reason for life itself.  YAHWEH1 the Almighty GOD has seen to it that HIS People would not be left in darkness and through HIS Holy Word HE reveals to HIS People Israel the events that will take place as we near the final end.

    Much of this knowledge is given through the understanding of visions or prophecies which were recorded by the Prophets to instruct YAHWEH'S people but were not fully understood at the time.  These same individuals whom YAHWEH had chosen to deal with in the past are now resurrected to guide True Israel through the final destruction of this system.  Jeremiah 3:15:

And I will give you pastors according to mine heart, which shall feed you with knowledge and understanding.

Amos 3:7:

Surely the Lord GOD [YAHWEH] will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto his servants the prophets.

This secret is the understanding of the Purpose of the Living GOD that has been preserved and hidden in the Holy Scriptures, with clues placed here and there which, like the pieces of a puzzle, must be put together to get the entire picture.

    The vision of John recorded in the thirteenth chapter of Revelation is a highly symbolic prophecy that coincides with and ties together prophecies recorded elsewhere in the Bible.  religionists are totally lost when attempting to understand this prophecy.  They are blind guides groping for any convenient explanation to feed their gullible subjects.  They have labeled the beast therein everything from a literal seven-headed beast to a boy with a particular number on his head, and not one interpretation is in harmony with the rest of the Scriptures.

    The Restored Israel of YAHWEH, however, under the direction of YAHWEH'S Holy Prophet, have learned the true meaning intended, the one and only interpretation that is completely consistent with YAHWEH'S Word.

    The understanding of Revelation Thirteen was first put into print in 1965 and it is now revised to include newspaper quotes as proof of fulfillment.

    Verse 1:

And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy.

    The beast coming up out of the sea reveals that in its beginning the world would be in a very disorganized condition, for the sea symbolizes the restless masses of humanity.  This was the exact condition that prevailed with the collapse of political rome.  People banded together in groups and gangs and endeavored to survive with whatever means was at their disposal, for there was no longer a head, or centrally located authority, for the government had collapsed.  It was out of this great confusion that the papacy evolved, which eventually came to rule the entire world of christendom under the title of the "holy" roman empire.

    The seven heads indicate complete Heavenly Wisdom, as authorized by YAHWEH.  This the beast claims to possess.  YAHWEH shows the fallacy of this claim by labeling each of its heads with the title of blasphemy.

   The ten horns indicate that the governments of this world did become a part of the beast, and became submissive to the seven heads, for the ten horns represent all of the earthly powers.

    Verse 2:

And the beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion:  and the dragon gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority.

    Being like a leopard, or possessing the characteristics of a leopard, shows that this beast, or world power, would be sly, untrustworthy and destructive.

   The feet of a bear are its most lethal weapons, for with them he is able to trample, strike with death-dealing blows, tear and crush.

   The mouth of a lion would indicate the terror that would fill the hearts of the other creatures when it roars with power and great authority.  This symbolizes the fear that would fill the people when this beastly organization would voice its commands with unchallenged authority.  This would strike terror in all of its subjects.

    The organization mentioned here is the devil's organization, for the dragon gives it its seat and great authority.  If this were to describe the league of nations, we fail to see any resemblance.  However, this description does fulfill the narrow-minded, cruel, inconsiderate, selfish, religious rule of rome under the guise of the "holy" roman empire.

   As long as the beast has complete control, it is referred to as having seven heads.  It is able to deceive the world into believing that it is under the Divine guidance of the Living GOD, for the seven is used as a divine number, indicating heavenly completeness, and the heads represent the seat of intelligence.

   Verse 3:

And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed:  and all the world wondered after the beast [or marveled at the beast].

   The wounding of one of his heads means that the beast can no longer lay claim to its Divine guidance.  This means that there would come a time when many of its members would realize the blasphemy of its claims, and no longer support it.  This began with what is known in history as the great schism and was dealt its final blow with the reformation.  After this rome could no longer deceive the entire world of christendom in continuing to support her.

   However, this is not the final chapter of rome, for the Bible continues with these words:  "and his deadly wound was healed."  This means it would again possess seven heads and would again make its blasphemous claim of being the representative of Christ on earth.  This will cause the entire world to wonder, or marvel, at its miraculous recovery.  The nations will again be deceived into supporting her.

   Verse 4:

And they worshipped the dragon which gave power unto the beast:  and they worshipped the beast, saying, Who is like unto the beast?  who is able to make war with him?

   In supporting this beastly organization, which claims to be the representative of Christ on earth in a world that belongs to the devil, the people are deceived into worshipping the devil, for the Scriptures make it clear:  "You are slaves of the one whom you obey" (Rom. 6:16, R.S.V. 2).

   The ignorant members of this world will be completely carried away with the worship of the beast saying, "Who is like unto the beast?"

   War will at this time appear to be an impossibility, for rome will have succeeded in subduing the religions and the nations under one ruling authority.

   Verse 5:

And there was given unto him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies; and power was given unto him to continue forty and two months.

    The mouth speaking great things refers to the magnificent claims it makes (through its spokesman, the pope of rome), promising peace and prosperity in a world united under the so-called true church.  YAHWEH labels all of its claims blasphemies, for this is the devil's world, and YAHWEH says that it is disobedient and therefore wicked and must be destroyed.  The rise of rome is merely a last-ditch effort by the devil to hold on to his supremacy on earth.

    The Children of Light look forward to this fulfillment of prophecy, knowing that this must take place just before the final end of this system.  1 Thessalonians 5:3:

For when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction cometh upon them, as travail upon a woman with child; and they shall not escape.

    The knowledge that the beast will only be able to endure for forty and two months before it is killed gives us hope and patience to endure, for if we were not blessed with YAHWEH'S Holy Spirit, it would appear that the beast could continue for another thousand years.

    Verse 6:

And he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name, and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in heaven.

    The beast, being satan's instrument to deceive, will certainly not make it clear that he is the opponent of the Living GOD, but his blasphemy consists of his claims that YAHWEH is backing him.  For this reason he casts reproach on the Living GOD, on HIS Kingdom, and on the Heavenly Members who are doing the Will of YAHWEH.

    Verse 7:

And it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to overcome them:  and power was given him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations.

    In subduing the world under one government and one religion, the pope must necessarily convince all of the earth's members to support him.  In so doing he will have established what YAHWEH terms the abomination of desolation.  This abominable image will render the whole earth desolate by forcing all creation to reject the True and Living GOD, YAHWEH.  (Refer to Daniel 12:11.)  Daniel 11:45:

And he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace between the seas in [and (R.S.V.)] the glorious holy mountain; yet he shall come to his end, and none shall help him.

In planting his tabernacle between the seas and the Glorious Holy Mountain, he is preventing the masses of humanity from entering YAHWEH'S already established Kingdom on earth, symbolized by the Glorious Holy Mountain, for he builds a wall between the seas, which symbolize the masses of humanity, and YAHWEH'S Glorious and Holy Kingdom.  Those who will not and cannot support him are the Children of Light, or those who are blessed by YAHWEH'S Holy Spirit and have HIS Understanding.  These are referred to as the Saints who will do the Will of YAHWEH.  When they refuse to submit to the unauthorized rule of the beast, he forces and causes them to cease their activities, which consist of making the Truth known and exposing him for what he is, an instrument of the devil who will have a very brief reign.  However, he will have supremacy over all kindreds, tongues and nations for a short while.

    Verse 8:

And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world.

   This verse tells us plainly that the entire world will be subdued into supporting him.  They will do his bidding entirely, and this in itself is a form of worship, for he now will have been able to convince the superpowers and many of the mightiest nations that he can accomplish these claims.

   The only ones who are not deceived are YAHWEH'S People, who have a knowledge of the Truth.  These are referred to as being written in the Book of Life kept by Yahshua,3  who was slain as the sacrificial Lamb, and who became the Foundation of the New World.

   Verse 9:

If any man have an ear, let him hear.

   In this verse YAHWEH is emphasizing the extreme importance of this message.  In Israel's eyes there will be no excuse for not hearing and making a decision for HIM.

   Verse 10:

He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity:  he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword.  Here is the patience and the faith of the saints.

   The purpose of the devil in forming the abomination of desolation is to make the whole world captive to him.  Herein, YAHWEH promises HIS People that he who leads into captivity will be made captive himself.  Likewise, he will not be held blameless for the blood that he will shed of those who try to do YAHWEH'S Will.  This promise gives the Saints patience and faith.

   Revelation 18:6 shows that she will be fully rewarded for all the evil she has committed upon the earth, and if one is to examine the history of the catholic church, he will find that her evil has known no limit.

   From verses 1 through 10, we have a very brief prophetic description of the rise and fall and a promise to rise again of the "holy" roman empire.  Starting with verse 11, YAHWEH gives us a more detailed description of how it will again be brought forth to a position of supremacy.

   Verse 11:

And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon.  

   Originally it was stated that the first beast came up out of the sea and that the sea was meant to represent the disorganized condition on earth with the demise of political rome.  Out of this disorganized condition, the papacy began to flourish.

   In the last days, when it is restored to power, the conditions on earth are not the same as they were when the catholic church first entered the scene.  The difference is that instead of there being no organized government, there are now two mighty powers which are able to sway the decisions of the peoples of the earth.  These are, namely, the united states and the soviet union.  True, they have their differences, and the Book of Daniel refers to one as a king of iron and to the other as a king of clay.  Nevertheless, these join together as though in marriage (Dan. 2:43, 44, The James Moffatt Translation).  Daniel 2:43 is more accurately translated from the original Hebrew and clarified by The Restored Israel of YAHWEH: 

iron

saw you

whereas And

becoming coating

clay with

combined

races among

security of

 shall they
pledges exchange

their with
attachment 

 nothing but
security of

men of

iron

as lo

this with 

this

.clay with

fuse does

not

The clarification:

And whereas you saw iron combined with a becoming dressing of clay, they shall exchange pledges of security among the races of men but it will be evident that there will exist no such security of a real union with their attachment of one with the other even as iron does not in any way fuse with clay.

It is at this time, when these two are joined, that we have the formation of the two-horned beast, for only when the members of these two beasts work together as one, can they be called one beast.  The two horns simply refer to two separate and distinct localities of authority.

   This two-horned beast comes up out of the earth.  The earth is a symbol of the visible ruling organization, showing that there will be ruling organizations on earth and that conditions will not be the same as they were with the collapse of political rome wherein there was no centrally located governmental authority and anarchy spread far and wide.  The second beast which comes up out of the earth means that at this time there are existing world powers that can and will be joined to form this beast.

   Having two horns like a lamb indicates that he gives the impression of being meek and harmless as a lamb, but in reality he is the mouthpiece of the devil!

   Verse 12:

And he exerciseth all the power of the first beast before him, and causeth the earth and them which dwell therein to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed.

   This is telling us that the two-horned beast will exercise all the influence upon the earth that the former beast employed, that is, all the influence exercised by the "holy" roman empire.  It is this two-horned beast that will convince the rulers of the nations (symbolized by the earth) and their peoples, referred to as "them which dwell therein," to worship the restoration of the "holy" roman empire, this being referred to as "the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed."

   Verse 13:

And he doeth great wonders, so that he maketh fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men.

   The fire mentioned here is a symbol of truth, and this truth he claims to receive from the heavens, claiming to be the vicegerent of Christ on earth.

   This two-horned beast, fully realizing its inability to establish lasting world peace, is ready to place the responsibility on the shoulders of an organization which has always coveted this position.  It will speak out very convincingly, telling the people that it is the will of YAHWEH that all religions and political powers should submit themselves to this heavenly directed man of GOD.

   Verse 14:

And deceiveth them that dwell on the earth, by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the sight of the beast; saying to them that dwell on the earth, that they should make an image to the beast, which had the wound by a sword, and did live.

   The pope is the one who deceives them who dwell on the earth by the miraculous influence produced by his visits to other nations, which is nothing more than an international campaign to capture the position that every pope has always coveted for himself and for the catholic church--that of being the supreme ruler over the entire earth.

   Other miracles are the great strides made since 1959 in the unity movement.  Never, since prior to the reformation, have the majority of the people looked with such awe and wonder at the accomplishments of this religious organization, which YAHWEH'S Word refers to as "mother of harlots" (Rev. 17:5).

   In these last days, the devil started the reconstruction of the united catholic world with pope John XXIII.  This pope was described as "everybody's grandfather, whose jovial, craggy face beamed benevolence upon the thousands who saw him.  He radiated personality and was an easy man to love for Catholic and non-Catholic alike." "John XXIII had been Pope for merely ninety days when, on January 25, 1959, he made the first and completely unexpected announcement of his plan to convoke the Church's Twenty-First Ecumenical Council, the first since Vatican I of 1869-70."5  This was the beginning of the week of years mentioned in Daniel 9:27.

   In 1958 John XXIII named archbishop Montini (who later became pope Paul VI) as a cardinal who "became known as a progressive and as a potential contender for the papacy." 6  "In 1960 Cardinal Montini visited the United States, his second trip, to receive an honorary law degree from the University of Notre Dame and meet President Dwight D. Eisenhower.  He also visited Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia and Washington before going on to Brazil.
   In 1962 he continued his travels with visits to Rhodesia, South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and the Sudan."7

   Montini did succeed pope John XXIII on June 21, 1963 and greatly outshone him in his administrative abilities.

   During this week of years, the archbishop of canterbury visited the pope in 1960 for the first time in over 300 years since the reformation.  In 1961 the bishop of the greek orthodox church visited the pope for the first time in over 525 years.  In 1962 the bishop of the russian orthodox church visited the pope for the first time in over 900 years.  In 1964 pope Paul VI "met with Patriarch  Athenagoras leader of Greek Orthodoxy.  They exchanged the kiss of peace, with Paul saying that the bond between the two church bodies 'should never have been broken.'"8

   In October of 1965 pope Paul VI "went before the United Nations and called out, 'No more war--war never again.'...  This unprecedented exposure to the world led him into a leadership role which was not inherently religious but which he insisted should be the essence of religion--encouraging peace among nations." 9

   catholics and protestants now can worship in each other's churches.  A catholic can marry a protestant; the long-standing taboo of abstaining from eating meat on Friday has been abolished.  mass is no longer performed in Latin but in the native language of the particular nations.  The catholic religion has changed.  It has stooped to conquer.  Every pope since the demise of the "holy" roman empire has coveted the thought that he would be the one to restore rome to this supreme position.  Many of these popes employed either force or diplomacy in an effort to regain the supreme authority once controlled by the "holy" roman empire.  For instance, pope Pius XII employed force by aligning himself with the axis powers and using their power to conquer the non-catholic nations and to elevate the prestige of the roman catholic church in the world.  At the beginning of Hitler's campaign against the allies, pope Pius XII, in a radio broadcast, blessed the new world order that was coming that would bring peace for a thousand years.

   It was pope John XXIII who opened the way with his goodwill and friendly personality which helped staunch non-catholics to look upon him with favor.  It was pope Paul VI who laid the groundwork for an entirely new world order that was meant to affect the whole earth with a system of greater equality in the distributing of the wealth of the world.  It was pope Paul VI who strongly impressed all those who had completely broken away from the catholic church to take a second look and see that possibly the former stringent differences did not really exist as they had thought since the break-up.  It was pope Paul VI who laid the foundation for the new world order under the vatican which would restore the pope in the eyes of all humanity as the vicegerent of Christ in which he would attempt to impress the people with the understanding that it would be he who would set up the Kingdom of GOD on earth which said kingdom would rule for a thousand years and be administered by succeeding popes strictly following the dictates of pope Paul, for it is clearly pope Paul who is the author and founder of the abomination of desolation.

   These miracles are performed in the sight of the two-horned beast.  It is the pope that suggests making an image, or an exact replica of the "holy" roman empire, for this is the beast that was wounded during the reformation, and yet managed to survive.

   Verse 15:

And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed.

   When the image, or statue, of the beast is created (which means that its overall appearance is identical to the former beast), the statue is then given life (which means that the identical beast has been recreated).

   The devil has now in operation his most cunningly devised and the most potentially explosive organization that the world has ever seen.  Immediately, he puts out of commission all those who do not obey him fully, which said obedience is a form of worship.  These can no longer speak, or protest; they are forced into silence, as though killed.

   Verse 16:

And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads.

   This means that all creation must receive the symbolical mark.  The mark on the forehead means that some will serve him in a mental capacity.  In their right hand means that they will serve him in a physical capacity; this would include all blue-collar workers, armed forces and law-enforcing officers of the earth.

   Verse 17:

And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.

   The extent of his campaign against the nonconformists is now understood by the Children of Light, and he will, in reality, reach this extreme.  They will be completely deprived of any and all facilities to earn a livelihood unless they submit themselves to him and become a part of his organization, whose purpose it is to erase from the earth YAHWEH'S Kingdom, which YAHWEH has promised HIS Servants will be established and endure forever.

   Having the name of the beast, which is the abomination of desolation, shows that this person belongs to it.  Having its number, which is made up of three imperfect numbers (or three sixes, each lacking one to make the perfect Holy number seven), shows that this person is a member of this unholy organization.  Having its mark means that this person is branded, or possessed by this beast, and no matter which one they choose to have, they all belong to the beast.  These, as members of this world, will recognize its purpose and support it.

   Verse 18:

Here is wisdom.  Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast:  for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.

This scripture is more enlightening in Goodspeed's translation:10

There is wisdom hidden here!  Let everyone of intelligence calculate the animal's number, for it indicates a certain man; its number is 666.

   YAHWEH is the SOURCE of all wisdom, and this wisdom HE gives to whomsoever HE will.  Therefore, he that has Understanding receives it from the Living GOD, who is the interpreter of HIS written Word.

   In order to count, or calculate, the number of the beast, it stands to reason that the name of the beast must in some way be turned into numbers, for only with numerical figures can anything be calculated and totaled.  In order for this to be done, YAHWEH must first reveal what nations will make up the beast and what man the devil will employ to take the lead in forming and directing this beast.

   We have already explained that the two-horned beast is made up of russia and the united states.  The man indicated here, that the devil has employed to deceive the whole earth, is none other than pope Paul, for not only does his name calculated with both russia and the united states total 666, but he was the pope who reigned during the close of the week of years mentioned in Daniel 9:27.  It is this week of years wherein people ceased to practice their particular brand of religion and no longer strictly adhered to their former convictions, but, as the world puts it, they became broad-minded and endeavored to fuse together their differing beliefs.  pope Paul is not to be mistaken for the reigning pope during the abomination of desolation.  The "man" that is indicated by the "666" would be the one responsible for the groundwork  leading to the formation of this one-world government and not the pope who sits in authority over it.  It was pope Paul VI who completed and improvised on the second vatican ecumenical council, who made the most phenomenal strides in uniting the separated relations of "christendom," who established vatican relations with non-christian religions and even the conflicting governments of communism and democracy--all mandatory, preliminary moves to enable the opposing nations of satan to form world peace under the vatican.  This credit could not be attributed to the pope (or popes) who would reign over the abomination of desolation, for these would only be acting upon the intricate preparatory framework of pope Paul (which incidentally earned him global recognition as "the pope of peace").

   The letters that represent the two major world powers on earth are u.s.a. and  u.s.s.r.; these are abbreviations for united states america and union soviet socialist republics.  These are the two nations which, in the second chapter of Daniel, are referred to as the king of clay and the king of iron.  Their systems differ greatly one from another.

   The united states of america is a republic.  This means that those who are to represent the government are supposed to be elected by the popular vote, and, for the most part, this is true for this particular nation.  Furthermore, the people are guaranteed certain freedoms, which makes this ruling authority less durable and can therefore correctly be referred to as a king of clay, while  russia, which is a centrally controlled form of dictatorship, can correctly be referred to as a king of iron because its laws, politics and practices are thoroughly inspired and controlled by the communist party.  All belongs to russia, and all is ruled by russia.  For this reason, YAHWEH has made it clear that the word republics is not to be associated with the king of iron.  In its place YAHWEH will have us substitute russia, for, in reality, that is what they are a part of--russia!  Added evidence of this is found in the following excerpt from U.S. News and World Report:

    Russia was the Soviet Union.  The Russian Republic was the first among the 15, and Russian authority and Soviet rule were synonymous.  The Russians ruled the Soviet Union, while local non-Russian Communist elites ran the day-to-day affairs of their own regions.  Each republic had its own Communist party; the Russians did not need a separate party because they ran the entire Communist Party of the Soviet Union.11

   Now to begin the calculation:  the English alphabet will be numbered from A to Z and the characters that make up the beast spelled out.  In place of each letter, the equivalent number of the letter employed will be written.

   The diagram at the end of this article will make this clearly understood.  This proves, without a shadow of a doubt, that YAHWEH'S Spirit is with this group, for it was YAHWEH'S Holy Spirit that revealed the understanding of this mysterious number that has puzzled all students of the Scriptures from the time it was first recorded.

   There are no other two nations, nor have there ever been two nations, who fulfill the characteristics of the king of iron and the king of clay, whose calculation, when numbered with a head of the catholic church, would total 666!

   This proves that the united states and russia make up the two-horned beast, and not england and the united states, as has been taught by  Jehovah's Witnesses.  Furthermore, england and the united states are both democracies!   Neither do england and the united states dominate the entire earth, which conditions must essentially prevail in order to sway the minority of the individual independents that may happen to oppose.  How would we be able to resolve the two different extremes in government if it were england and the united states?

   These two nations would have to exist in the very last days.   They must also exist during the week of years when the world begins to collaborate in the interest of peace, removing the barriers of stringent and traditional differences.  They would also have to exist when the major religious element would be busily engaged in a unifying movement while the two systems dominate the entire earth.  All of this, however, would not be sufficient unless the correct pope were enthroned to begin this major unifying movement and to continue with others who would be busily engaged in following his instructions.  he would also have to have the proper name whose letters, when numbered and added to the two dominant world powers, would correctly total 666.   Then, and only then, could the "666" be revealed.  This is why it has been a mystery throughout the ages.  This is why it is now understood.

a b c d e f g h i j k l m
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
n o p q r s t u v w x y z
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26


u.


s.

a.
a 1
u 21 s 19 m 13
n 14 t 20 e 5
i 9 a 1 r 18
t 20 t 20 i 9
e 5 e 5 c 3

d

4

s 19 1

    73    

+

    84    

+

    50     =

     207


u.

s. s. r.
s 19
s 19 o 15 r 18
u 21 o 15 c 3 u 21
n 14 v 22 i 9 s 19
i 9 i 9 a 1 s 19
o 15 e 5 l 12 i 9
n 14 t 20 i 9 a 1
s 19
t 20
    73     +     90     +    107    +     87     =

357

 

p 16 P 16
o 15 1
p 16 u 21
e 5 l 12
      52       +       50       =

          102

TOTAL   666




Note:  the names of different portions of satan's organization are not capitalized because we show no respect for satan's doomed system.

1YAHWEH, the original Hebrew Name of the Living GOD, erroneously written Jehovah. 
2Revised Standard Version
3
Yahshua, composed of the Names YAH and  Hoshua, signifying YAHWEH-Savior in the Hebrew language, and presently known as Jesus from the corrupted Greek version   Iesous.  
4"Pope Paul:  Innovator Checked by Church Tradition,"  New York  Daily News (August 7, 1978), p.16. 
5Lawrence Cardinal Shehan , "Introduction," in  The Documents of Vatican II, ed. by Walter M. Abbott, S.J. (New York:  The America Press, 1966), p. xv.  
6Colman McCarthy, "The life and times of Pope Paul VI, " The Philadelphia Inquirer (August 7, 1978), p. 5-A.
7"Paul VI, 'Pilgrim Pope,'  Dies,"  The Atlantic City Press (August 7, 1978), p.12.
8McCarthy, p. 4-A.
9Ibid.
10The Complete Bible, an American Translation by J.M. Powis Smith (Hebrew Scriptures) and Edgar J.  Goodspeed  (Greek Scriptures)
11Seweryn  Bialer, "Russia vs. the Soviet Union,"  U.S. News and World Report, (November 5, 1990), p. 46.